Policy Library

Home /
Policy /
Follow-up of Japan’s Stewardship Code and Corporate Governance Code (2nd), Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA)

Follow-up of Japan’s Stewardship Code and Corporate Governance Code (2nd), Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA)

8 December 2020

22nd Council of Experts
Follow-up of Japan’s Stewardship Code and Japan’s Corporate Governance Code

8th December 2020

Dear Fellow Council Members,

ICGN Statement to the Council of Experts for the Follow-up of Japan’s Stewardship Code and Japan’s Corporate Governance Code (the “Council”)

I have pleasure in sending you ICGN’s comments on the items noted in the Agenda for the next Council Meeting which will take place on 8th December 2020 (see annex 1 for translation to Japanese). Regretfully, I will not be able to join you in person on this occasion and hope that the comments presented in this letter can serve as a contribution to the Council’s discussion.

Led by investors responsible for assets under management of USD$54 trillion, ICGN is a leading authority on global standards of corporate governance and investor stewardship. Our membership includes institutional investors and business leaders and who have a shared interest – and thus a shared responsibility – in promoting the success of companies to preserve and enhance long-term value, contributing to strong economies and healthy societies.

ICGN’s mission supports this shared responsibility, as advocated in the ICGN Global Stewardship Principles 1and the ICGN Global Governance Principles2, the latter of which is currently subject to Member consultation as part of a three-year review cycle. Our comments forthwith are guided by ICGN Principles and largely written from the perspective of the global institutional investor community and our Japan Policy Priorities, published in July 2019 (see annex 2).

Our comments refer to the core items on Council’s meeting agenda being: (1) the Draft Opinion Statement No.5; and (2) Annual General Meetings.

  1. Draft Opinion Statement No.5: Board Effectiveness and ensuring Diversity in the Core Human Resources in Companies for Post-COVID Transformation of Companies (“Statement No.5”)

ICGN understands that the Opinion Statement will be published to announce the consensus opinion of the Council members on key aspects of board effectiveness with a focus on independence and diversity. ICGN’s position on these subjects was articulated in our letter submitted on 18th November 2020. We offer further suggestions in terms of the drafting of the Opinion Statement outlined below:

1.1  Independence level

We recognise that the FSA must balance a range of views when taking a decision on the desired level of independence on corporate boards that is deemed appropriate in the context of Japan. Nevertheless, we encourage companies in Japan to move further towards international best practice and ICGN maintains the position that there should be a majority of independent directors on the boards of listed companies on the JPX prime market and at least one-third independent directors on other segments. For listed subsidiary companies, there should be a majority of independent directors serving on the board to mitigate infringements to minority shareholder interests.

1.2  Committee independence

Page three of the Opinion Statement refers to a series of bullet points which refer to urgent issues, the first two of which state:

  • Establishment of the Nomination Committee and improvement of its functions
  • Establishment of the Compensation Committee and improvement of its functions

ICGN recommends that the word ‘independent’ be added before the words ‘Nomination’ and ‘Compensation’. The importance of committees being comprised of independent directors is already clarified in Supplementary Principle 4.10.1 of Japan’s Corporate Governance Code “Code”. It is also recommended to mention that the chair of the committees should be independent directors in order to ensure the “independent” function of such committees.

1.3  Role of Nomination Committee

Following from the reference to the ‘establishment of the Nomination Committee’, the Opinion Statement refers to “(strengthening the CEO selection and dismissal function, such as enhancing the candidate pool and improving disclosure of its activities)”.

ICGN agrees that this is an important role of the Nomination Committee, but perhaps a more prominent role of the committee is to manage the appointment and evaluation of board members (i.e., Independent Directors) and succession planning among other tasks. The lack of reference to this role in the drafting of the Opinion Statement may infer that the Council think that the primary role of the Committee is purely focused on the CEO whereas international best practice is for the committee to have a more comprehensive role, particularly regarding board appointments.

ICGN recommends that ‘board diversity and composition’ be added before the reference to ‘strengthening CEO selection…’

1.4  Role of the Board

Finally, we refer the Council to the second paragraph under ‘board effectiveness’ on page one which states that ‘the board is required to support management’s timely and decisive risk-taking and make important decisions in light of this discontinuity in the business environment.’

The role of the board is to oversee and direct the affairs of the company and, while undoubtedly acting as a support, also serving as a check and balance to managerial

decision-making. ICGN therefore recommends that the word ‘support’ be changed to ‘oversee’ to avoid any inference that the Council may believe that the role of the board is to ‘rubber stamp’ management decisions alone.

2.    Annual General Meetings

2.1 AGM Format

The AGM is an important forum for shareholders to hold the board and management accountable for preserving and enhancing long-term corporate value. Ideally AGMs should allow for the physical presence of participants, including provision for voting electronically by proxy, and ensure that live interaction is possible between shareholders and the board and management.

During the COVID crisis, virtual-only AGMs have become the ‘new normal’ and has led to emergency legislation being enacted in multiple markets to allow companies to seek shareholder approval on resolutions relating to dividend proposals, share issuance authorizations, director elections and auditor appointments. Hybrid AGMs have also been popular which allows for both physical and virtual presence by participants via ‘live streaming’ of the AGM proceedings accessible via the internet.

While ICGN Members recognise the need for hybrid and virtual-only AGMs in this current environment, we encourage regulators to ensure that shareholder rights are not infringed so as not to restrict their ability to hold companies properly to account. Certain minimum shareholder rights should be guaranteed to allow for robust challenge of boards and management through interactive and unmoderated questioning or statements made by shareholders to have meaningful dialogue on contentious proposals.

When holding a hybrid or virtual-only AGM, we strongly encourage companies to ensure interactivity with shareholders and to replicate as best as possible the in-person AGM experience. In doing so companies might consider the following as an optimal format as described in a recent Viewpoint from the ICGN Shareholder Rights Committee:3

  • Publish AGM information at least one month ahead of the meeting, including the meeting format and procedures around registration, access, participant identification, shareholding verification and voting options.

  • Use video technology as well as audio technology to allow for facial expression to be shown.

  • Allow participants to ask questions and make statements – in advance and during the AGM – and allow for follow up questions and statements if necessary.

  • Record and respond to all questions and make such responses promptly publicly available (avoiding legalistic language).

  • Enable participants to be able to cast votes live, noting all matters on the ballot should be voted by poll.

  • Ensure accuracy of tracking and reconciling any advance votes received pre-AGM with any live votes cast during the AGM itself.

We also observe that it may be appropriate for companies to refrain from giving gifts to shareholders at the AGM and instead allocate the expense in the dividend instead.

2.2 AGM Timing

This year, the AGM season in Japan has proved that it is possible for companies with March fiscal year-end to hold AGMs outside the month of June – approximately 60 of such companies held AGMs in July and thereafter. The traditional clustering of AGMs in Japan, often within a few days in the last week of June, causes difficulties for investors to allocate appropriate time to read annual reports and make voting decisions.

ICGN encourages companies in Japan to maintain this momentum and to consider moving record dates from March to April to allow AGMs to be held in July. This is possible by setting a record date after the year-end by changing the company’s Articles, allowing for AGMs to be held beyond the traditional June period. Not only will this lead to less AGM clustering, but this will also give companies additional time to prepare materials in English before the AGM.

2.3 Timing and translation of the Securities Report (Yuho)

The Securities Report and the Notice of AGM should be published pre-AGM (not post) and be translated in English.

The Securities Report includes valuable information for investors around the business model, corporate strategy, audited financial results, Key Audit Matters and other corporate governance related information such as cross-shareholdings. It is therefore imperative that overseas investors are able to receive this information in English in a timely manner in order to make considered use of their votes.

2.4 AGM questions and proposals

Companies should allow shareholders the opportunity to submit questions in advance of the shareholder meeting date and/ or during the meeting proceedings. Companies should ensure that transparent, unmoderated and interactive questioning by shareholders to the board and management is facilitated to ensure that accountability is upheld. Answers to the questions should be recorded and made available to all shareholders of the company.

Companies should ensure that shareholders have the right to place proposals on the agenda of AGMs, subject to reasonable limitations. All shareholder proposals should be voted upon and contingency provisions should be made to ensure that proponents are able to present their proposal should they have difficulties in attending an AGM, particularly a virtual AGM.

If a shareholder has failed to signify a position ‘for’ or ‘against’ either a company or a shareholder resolution (blank votes), the vote should be considered invalid.

Companies should not use their discretion to execute the vote unless the proxy form explicitly states that any blank votes can be exercised at the company’s discretion. Alternatively, companies might consider adding an ’abstain’ vote option to allow shareholders to signify a level of discontent but not go as far to vote against.

2.5 Vote disclosure and shareholder accountability

The board should ensure that equal effect is given to votes whether cast in person or in absentia and all votes should be properly counted and recorded via ballot. The outcome of the vote, the vote instruction (reported separately for, against or abstain) and voting levels for each resolution should be published promptly after the meeting on the company website.

There are many occasions where management proposals fail to attract 80% support of the shareholder vote in companies in Japan. In the spirit of entering into constructive dialogue, ICGN encourages companies to demonstrate their accountability to shareholders by providing clarity around how shareholder concerns are addressed, particularly when there is a significant vote against a particular resolution.

ICGN acknowledges that the Japan Code states:

“When the board recognizes that a considerable number of votes have been cast against a proposal by the company and the proposal was approved, it should analyse the reasons behind opposing votes and why many shareholders opposed and should consider the need for shareholder dialogue and other measures.”

We recommend that this principle be strengthened and emulate the drafting of paragraph 1.4 of the UK Corporate Governance Code (2018) whereby a specific threshold is referred and disclosure around resulting actions with regards to shareholder consultation within six months after the shareholder meeting:

“When 20 per cent or more of votes have been cast against the board recommendation for a resolution, the company should explain, when announcing voting results, what actions it intends to take to consult shareholders to understand the reasons behind the result. An update on the views received from shareholders and actions taken should be published no later than six months after the shareholder meeting. The board should then provide a final summary in the annual report and, if applicable, in the explanatory notes to resolutions at the next shareholder meeting, on what impact the feedback has had on the decisions the board has taken and any actions or resolutions now proposed.”

Thank you for this opportunity to provide commentary for the Council meeting and we look forward to the continued deliberations.

Yours faithfully,

Kerrie Waring
Chief Executive Officer

1 ICGN Global Stewardship Principles, 2020: https://www.icgn.org/sites/default/files/ICGN%20Global%20Stewardship%20Principles%202020_0.pdf
2 ICGN Global Governance Principles, 2017: http://icgn.flpbks.com/icgn_global_governance_principles/
3 The Future of Annual General Meetings, ICGN Viewpoint, September 2020: https://www.icgn.org/future-annual-general-meetings


Annex 1: Translation of letter from English to Japanese

スチュワードシップ・コード及びコーポレートガバナンス・コードのフォローアップ会議

(第22回

2020年12月8日

スチュワードシップ・コード及びコーポレートガバナンス・コードのフォローアップに関する有識者会議(「有識者会議」)へのICGN意見書

フォローアップ会議メンバーの皆様へ

私は、2020年12月8日に開催される有識者会議における議題として記された項目について ICGNの意見書をお送りできることをうれしく思います。残念ながら、今回の会議に直接参加することはできませんが、この書簡に記載した意見が有識者会議の議論に貢献することを願っております。

ICGNは、54兆米ドルの資産を運用する投資家に率いられ、コーポレートガバナンスと投資家のスチュワードシップのグローバルな基準についての主導的な専門機関であります。私たちの会員は、長期的な企業の価値を高め、企業の成功を促進し、これにより強い経済と健全な社会を維持、またこれに貢献する事に関心と責任を共有する企業の経営者や機関投資家であります。

ICGNの使命は、ICGNグローバル・スチュワードシップ原則及びICGNグローバル・ガバナンス原則、後者は3 年間の見直しサイクルの一環として現在会員から改訂意見の募集中ですが、これら原則に提唱されたこの共同の責任を支援する事にあります。私たちの以下の意見は、 ICGNの原則に基づき、主にグローバルな機関投資家コミュニティの観点から書かれています

私達は、有識者会議の議題である(1)意見書(5)案、及び(2)株主総会について、以下のとおりコメントします。

1. 意見書(5)「コロナ後の企業の変革に向けた取締役会の機能発揮及び企業の中核人材の多様性の確保」案(以下「意見書(5)案」という。)について
ICGN は、独立性と多様性に重点を置いた取締役会の機能発揮の主要な側面について、有識者会議のメンバーの一致した見解を表明するために、意見書が公表されることを理解しています。これらの論点に関する ICGN の見解は、2020 年 11 月 18 日に提出された私達のレターで明確化されています。私達は、以下に述べる通り、意見書案について更に提案をします。

1.1  独立性のレベル

私達は、日本において適切と考えられる取締役会の独立性の望ましい水準を決定する際に、金融庁が様々な意見のバランスをとる必要があることを認識しています。その上でなお、私達は、日本の企業が国際的なベストプラクティスに向かってさらに前進することを奨励します。ICGN は、JPX プライム市場の上場会社の取締役会には過半数の独立社外取締役が、その他のセグメントには少なくとも 3 分の 1 の独立社外取締役が選任されるべきであるとの見解を維持しています。上場子会社については、少数株

主の利益の侵害を限定するために、過半数の独立社外取締役が取締役を務めるべきです。

1.2  委員会の独立性

意見書案の 3 頁目では、今後の喫緊の課題が挙げられており、そのうちの最初の 2 つは以下のとおりです。

  • 指名委員会の設置と機能向上
  • 報酬委員会の設置と機能向上

ICGN は、「指名委員会の設置と機能向上」と「報酬委員会の設置と機能向上」の前に

、「独立」という言葉を加えることを提案します。委員会が独立社外取締役で構成されることの重要性は、日本のコーポレートガバナンス・コードの補充原則 4-10①で既に明記されています。また、委員会の「独立した」機能を確保するため、委員会の委員長を独立社外取締役とすべきであると言及することが推奨されます。

1.3  指名委員会の役割

指名委員会の設置と機能向上」との記載に続いて、意見書案では、「(候補者プールの充実等の CEO の選解任機能の強化、活動状況の開示の充実」と記載されています。

ICGN は、これが指名委員会の重要な役割であることに同意しますが、指名委員会のより顕著な役割は、取締役会の構成員(すなわち独立社外取締役)の選任と評価、後継者計画の管理だと思われます。国際的なベストプラクティスでは、委員会が特に取締役会の任命に関して、より包括的な役割を果たすことが求められています。他方で、意見書案にこの役割についての言及がないことは、委員会の主な役割が純粋に CEO に焦点を当てたものであると有識者会議が考えていると受け止められるかもしれません

ICGN は、「CEO の選解任強化」の前に「取締役会の多様性と構成」と追記することを推奨します。

1.4  取締役会の役割

最後に、意見書文案の「取締役会の機能発揮」の第 2 段落では、「取締役会には、こうした事業環境の不連続性を踏まえた上で、経営陣の迅速・果断なリスクテイクを支え、重要な意思決定を行うことが求められる」とされています。

取締役会の役割は、会社の業務を監督し指示することであり、支えとして機能するという点には疑いはないものの、経営陣の意思決定に対するチェック&バランスの役割をまた果たしています。したがって、ICGN は、経営陣の決定を「ラバースタンプ」で追認することが取締役会の役割であると有識者会議が考えているといった推測がなされないように、「支える」という言葉を「監督する」に変更することを提案します。

2.定時株主総会

2.1 定時株主総会の方式

定時株主総会は、長期的な企業価値を維持・向上させるための説明責任を株主が取締役会と経営陣に対して問うための重要な場です。理想的には、定時株主総会は、委任状による電子投票を含め、参加者の物理的な出席を可能にし、株主と取締役会及び経営陣との間での生の対話の機会を確保すべきです。

コロナ禍の間には、バーチャル・オンリーの定時株主総会が「ニューノーマル」となり、配当提案、株式発行承認、取締役選任、監査役指名などについて企業が株主の承認を求めることができるようにするために、複数の市場で緊急法が制定されました。また、インターネットを介してアクセス可能な定時株主総会の進行の「ライブ・ストリーミング」を介して参加者が物理的にも仮想的にも出席することを可能にするハイブリッド定時株主総会も人気となりました。

ICGN のメンバーは、現在の環境下におけるハイブリッド及びバーチャル・オンリー株主総会の必要性を認識していますが、私達は規制当局に対し、株主の権利が侵害されず、会社の説明責任を適切に果たすよう求める株主の能力が制限されないようにすることを奨励します。争点となる提案について有意義な対話を行うために、最低限の株主の権利を保証し、監視下でない双方向型の株主による質問や発言を通じて、取締役会や経営陣に対する妥協のない挑戦を可能とすべきです。

ハイブリッド又はバーチャル・オンリーの定時株主総会を開催する際には、株主との双方向性を確保し、対面型の定時株主総会の経験を可能な限り再現することを強く推奨します。その際には、ICGN 株主権利委員会の見解4に記載されている最適なフォーマットとして、以下の点を考慮頂くとよいでしょう。

  • 株主総会への登録、アクセス、参加者の個人確認、株式保有の確認、議決権行使の選択肢など、会議の開催方式や手続を含めた定時株主総会に関する情報を、開催の少なくとも 1 ヶ月前に公表する。
  • 音声技術だけでなく、映像技術を使用し、顔の表情を見せることができるようにする。
  • 事前又は総会の開催中に、参加者が質問や発言をすることができるようにし、必要に応じて質問や発言のフォローアップを行うことができるようにする。
  • すべての質問を記録して回答し、そのような回答を速やかに公開する(法律至上主義的な表現は避ける)。
  • 議決権行使書に記載されているすべての議案を議決権行使の対象として、参加者がライブで行使できるようにする。
  • 定時株主総会前に受領した事前行使と定時株主総会中のライブ行使について、正確な追跡と照合を確保する。

なお、会社が株主総会で株主へお土産を配布するのを止め、配当金へと充当することが適切だと私達は考えています。

2.2  定時株主総会のタイミング

日本における今年の定時株主総会シーズンでは、3 月決算会社のうち約 60 社が 7 月以

降に定時株主総会を開催するなど、定時株主総会を 6 月以外に開催することが 3 月決

算会社にとって可能であることを証明しました。日本では 6 月の最終週における数日間に定時株主総会の開催日が集中しており、投資家が年次報告書を読み、議決権行使の意思決定をするための適切な時間を確保することが難しくなっています。

ICGN は、日本の企業がこの動きを維持し、基準日を 3 月から 4 月に移動して、7 月に定時株主総会を開催可能とすることを検討するよう奨励します。これは、会社の定款を変更し、基準日を決算日の後に設定し、従来の 6 月の期間後に定時株主総会を開催可能とすることで可能になります。これにより、定時株主総会の集中度を低下させるだけでなく、定時株主総会の前に英文開示の準備の時間を確保することができます。

2.3  有価証券報告書の公表時期と英訳

有価証券報告書及び株主総会招集通知は、株主総会後ではなく前に公表され、かつ英訳されるべきです。

有価証券報告書には、ビジネスモデルや企業戦略、監査済の決算情報、監査上の主要な検討事項、株式持合いなどのコーポレートガバナンス関連情報など、投資家にとって貴重な情報が含まれています。そのため、海外の投資家にとっては、これらの情報を議決権行使に活用できるよう、適時に英語で受領することが不可欠です。

2.4  定時株主総会での質問と提案

企業は、株主総会の開催前及び/又は開催中に、株主が質問をする機会を与えるべきです。企業は、説明責任が確実に果たされるよう、株主から取締役会及び経営陣への、透明性と双方向性を備え、率直な質問の機会を確保すべきです。質問に対する回答は記録され、すべての株主に対して閲覧可能とされるべきです。

企業は、合理的な制約の下で、株主が定時株主総会の議案について提案を提出する権利を確保すべきです。すべての株主提案は議決権行使に付されるべきであり、定時株主総会、特にバーチャル定時株主総会への提案者の出席が困難な場合に、提案者による株主提案の提示を確保するための非常時対応計画が用意されるべきです。

株主が会社提案又は株主提案に「賛成」又は「反対」の意思表示をしなかった場合(白紙投票)、その行使は無効とみなされるべきです。企業は、白紙票に係る議決権を企業の裁量で行使できる旨が委任状に明記されていない限り、企業の裁量で議決権を行使すべきではありません。又は、株主が反対票を投じるまでには至らないものの、不満の度合いを示すことができるように、「棄権」票の選択肢の追加を検討してもよいでしょう。

2.5  議決権行使結果開示と株主説明責任

取締役会は、本人による行使でも不在者による行使でも同じ効果が得られるようにすべきであり、すべての行使が適切に集計・記録されるべきです。行使結果、行使の指図(賛成、反対、棄権に区別して報告)、各議案の行使率は、会議終了後速やかに会社のウェブサイトで公表されるべきです。

日本では、会社提案が株主による行使で 80%の支持を得られない場合がしばしばあります。建設的な対話の精神に基づき、ICGN は、特にある議案への反対票が多い場合には、株主の懸念へどのように対処するかを明確にすることで、株主に対する説明責任を果たすことを企業に奨励しています。

ICGN は、日本版のコーポレートガバナンス・コードに以下のとおり記載されていることを認識しています。

“取締役会は、会社の提案に対して相当数の反対票が投じられ、その提案が承認されたことを認識した場合には、反対票の理由や多くの株主が反対した理由を分析し、株主対話の必要性やその他の措置を検討すべきである。”

私達は、この原則を強化し、英国コーポレートガバナンス・コード(2018)の第 1.4

項と同様の定めを導入することを提案します。

“取締役会の提案内容に反対する行使が 20%以上あった場合、会社は、議決権行使結果の発表に際して、その結果の背景にある理由を理解すべく株主と協議するためにどのような行動をとるつもりかを説明すべきである。また、株主からの意見と取られた対応策のアップデートを、株主総会後 6 か月以内に公表すべきである。

その後、取締役会は、年次報告書に最終的な概要を記載し、必要に応じて、次の株主総会の決議事項についての説明において、そのフィードバックが取締役会の意思決定や行動、今回提案されている議案に対してどのような影響を与えたかを記載すべきである。”

有識者会議にコメントを提出する機会をいただきありがとうございます。今後の議論を楽しみにしております。

敬具

ケリー・ワーリング最高経営責任者


Annex 2: ICGN Policy Priorities: Japan
With Summary Japanese Translation

As discussed at the ICGN Annual Conference, hosted by the Tokyo Stock Exchange, taking place between 16-18 July 2019.

ICGN Policy Priorities: Japan

1. Corporate reporting

    ICGN welcomes the reforms proposed in the Report of the Disclosure Working Group convened by the Financial Services Agency which includes recommendations to enhance financial and narrative information and the reliability and timeliness of corporate reporting. Other matters of concern to ICGN members include:

    • AGM Clustering: While the issue of AGM concentration in Japan has improved since the 1990s, many companies maintain a March fiscal year end with subsequent meetings in June. This clustering of AGM’s, often within a few days in the last week of June, causes difficulties for investors to allocate appropriate time to read annual reports and make voting decisions.
    • AGM notifications: Notices are issued on average 19 days in advance of the meeting taking place in Japan – compared to international best practice of 30 days.
    • Timing of Securities Report: The Securities Report (Yuho) is published post AGM despite the fact that it includes valuable information for investors around the business model, corporate strategy, audited financial results, Key Audit Matters and other corporate governance related information such as cross-shareholdings.
    • English language: As of May 2019, 40% of companies issued English AGM Notices this year and the Securities Report is often not published in English, despite companies wishing to attract overseas capital.

    Recommendation: 1) AGM Notices and the Securities Report should be issued at least 30 days in advance of the AGM; (2) Companies should move their respective record dates from March to April to the allow AGMs to be held in July; and (3) Companies listed in TSE section 1 should make both English translated Securities Report and Notice of AGM

    2.  Board independence

    Independent Directors are relied upon by investors to bring their industry knowledge and experience to the Board to assess the quality of managerial decisions, for example relating to strategic investments in fixed assets, acquisitions, research and development and human resources. ICGN welcomes that over 90% of 1st Section JPX listed companies now have two or more independent directors and 33% of companies have one-third. ICGN encourages further progress towards a majority of independent directors on Japanese boards, or at least one-third.

    ICGN Members comment that it is difficult to determine the extent to which a director is independent in Japan. Further clarity around the definition of independence in the JPX Listing Rules might be helpful in this regard, for example around issues such as cross-shareholdings, major client and supplier relationships, business relationships, the provision of consultancy services and family ties. There should also be clarity around how long any conflicts should be absent before a candidate can be considered independent.

    Often in Japan board directors are promoted from within the company and this has become a symbol of career progression. Furthermore, is no reference to how independent directors are nominated and appointed in Japan’s Corporate Governance Code and the process is therefore often opaque. More disclosure around the process would be helpful along with the rationale for director selection.

    Recommendation: (1) Listed company boards should comprise one-third independent directors, or preferably a majority of independent directors particularly in subsidiary companies. (2) Enhance the definition regarding the factors which impact a directors’ independence in the TSE Listing Rules, aligned with international best practice. (3) Companies should disclose clear procedures and disclosure around the rationale for individual director appointments including how their experience aligns with company strategy and any factors affecting their independence.

    3.  Board evaluation and nomination committees

    ICGN advocates that board evaluation (collectively, individually and for the Chairman) should take place annually by the board itself and periodically (e.g. every three years) by an external evaluator. A ‘skills matrix’ which maps the experience of the current board with the company’s long-term strategic needs can be a helpful tool to aid the board evaluation process.

    The board evaluation should be led by a Nomination Committee comprised of independent chair and a majority of independent directors. Outcomes from the board evaluation can help to inform the types of candidates of strategic relevance to the company

    Recommendation: (1) All listed companies (not just those with a three-committee structure) should establish a Nomination Committee comprised of independent chair and a majority of independent directors. (2) Listed company boards should be subject to periodic external board evaluation and director tenure should be contingent on individual performance and annual re-election premised on satisfactory evaluations of his or her contribution to the board. (3) Board evaluation disclosure should include the process for board evaluation and any material issues of relevance arising from the conclusions.

    4.  Executive pay and remuneration committees

    ICGN welcomes improvement to regulations for corporate disclosure on executive pay in January this year and also welcome reference in Japan’s Corporate Governance Code under principle 4.2.1 regarding the board’s role to determine executive remuneration through ‘objective and transparent procedures.’ We understand that 46% of 1st section JPX listed companies have a Remuneration Committee – up from 13% in 2015. The Committee should be responsible for establishing clear

    remuneration policies and reports which are aligned with the company’s long-term strategic objectives and executive key performance indicators and progress towards achieving such indicators.

    Regarding remuneration related disclosure, the board should disclose who is responsible for setting executive pay, the process for remuneration setting, rationale for individual levels and how it fits within the overall context of the company’s human resource strategy. We note that the current rule in Japan only requires disclosure of individual remuneration above YEN 100 million (£700,000) which may create an artificial ceiling on pay levels.

    Recommendation: (1) Listed companies to establish a Remuneration Committee comprised of independent chair and a majority of independent directors. (2) The rule requiring disclosure of individual remuneration in excess of YEN 100 million should be abolished. (3) A new rule to require disclosure of CEO and senior executive pay on an individual basis and annually should be introduced. The disclosure should include the proportions of fixed pay, bonus and long-term incentives. This extends to non-cash items such as director and officer insurance, pension provisions, fringe benefits and terms of severance packages if any.

    5.  Capital efficiency and cross-shareholdings

    ICGN notes that progress has been made since the minimum target of 8% return on equity (RoE) was introduced in the Ito Review in 2014 to a median of 11.5%. Whilst setting profitability targets are important, the rationale for targets and what progress is being made towards achieving them as part of a longer-term capital allocation strategy is of more interest to investors. For example, this includes information in relation to acquiring new businesses, making large capital investments, discontinuing existing businesses and research and development expenditure. ICGN members are likely to vote against management if RoE is less than expected over a prolonged period and not expected to improve.

    Regarding cross-shareholdings, ICGN welcomed the revisions to Japan’s Corporate Governance Code last year requiring companies to disclose their policies and rationale for cross-shareholdings as well as an annual assessment of the costs and benefits and how that impacts a company’s cost of capital. However, we understand that cross-shareholdings are still high in companies as a proportion of overall shares with voting rights, despite the progress that has been made in Japan’s banking sector. It is important that Issuer Companies do not prevent companies in receipt of cross-share-holding to sell through tactics employed to threaten trading relationships. Cross shareholdings impede shareholder rights and business relationships are prioritized over proper corporate governance practices at the expense of asset efficiency.

    Recommendation: (1) Japanese companies should improve disclosure to shareholders on the company’s capital policy which would highlight the Board’s risk appetite and understanding of the company’s cost of capital. (2) Companies should disclose a target to reduce their cross shareholdings over a specified period including their policies; and the nature of the cross-shareholding, for example if they are a parent company, subsidiary, supplier.

    ICGN 重点方針(日本)<要約版>

    ICGN(International Corporate Governance Network)はグローバルの機関投資家を 主体とする組織(事務局:英国ロンドン)であり、効率的な市場と持続的な経済の促進に向け、実効的なコーポレートガバナンスの構築と投資家のスチュワードシップの醸成を目的としています。1995 年に設立され、会員の運用資産合計金額は 34 兆米ドル(国別では 45 か国以 上)、主要なグローバルの年金基金と大手運用会社が加盟しています。

    ICGN では、毎年、グローバルベースの「重点方針」の策定・見直しを行っていますが、今回、東京で開催された ICGN 年次総会(7/16-18)の議論をより実りあるものとするため、国・地域別の「重点方針(日本)」をはじめて策定しました。今後とも、ICGN 年次総会が開催される国・地域において(国・地域別の)重点方針を策定する予定です。

    なお、本資料は“ICGN Policy Priorities”の日本語訳(要約版)となります。原文は、 以下のリンクをご活用ください。

    プレス資料https://www.icgn.org/sites/default/files/2_AGREED_Policy%20Priorities_Japan.pdf 原文https://www.icgn.org/sites/default/files/ICGN%20Policy%20Positions_Japan.pdf

    ICGN 重点方針:日本> 重点方針は、以下の 5 項目から構成されます。

    1. 企業報告 上場企業は、株主総会の少なくとも 30 日前までに株主総会の招集通知と有価証券報告書を発行すべきである。(3 月決算の場合)株主総会の基準日を 3 月から 4 月に変更し、株主総会の 7 月開催を可能とすべきである。東証 1 部上場企業は、英文の有価証券報告書と株主総会の招集通知を作成すべきである。
    2. 取締役会の独立性 取締役会の構成において、1/3 以上、望ましくは過半数以上(上場子会社のような場 合)の独立社外取締役が設置されるべきである。国際的なベストプラクティスを参考に 東証の独立性基準をより充実すべきである。また、取締役選任に関する透明性のあるプ ロセスの開示とともに、個々の取締役が企業戦略に沿った形で適切に選任されているか 等の取締役選任に関する根拠や独立性において問題がないか、といった事項も開示されるべきである。
    3. 取締役会評価と指名委員会 上場企業は、議長と構成員の過半数を独立社外取締役とする指名委員会を設置すべき である。定期的に、外部評価者も入れた取締役会評価を行うべきであり、取締役就任期 間(再任)については、個々の取締役の活動と取締役会に対する貢献への充分な評価に 基づき決められるべきである。取締役会評価の開示には、評価プロセスとともに、評価 の結果として認識された重要な事項も含まれるべきである。
    4. 役員報酬と報酬委員会 上場企業は、議長と構成員の過半数を独立社外取締役とする報酬委員会を設置すべき である。役員報酬の開示においては、1 億円以上の制限を撤廃し、CEO や経営陣の報 酬の個別開示が毎年実施される仕組みの導入が行われるべきである。また、固定報酬・ ボーナス・長期インセンティブは区分された形で開示され、開示内容となる報酬の対象 には、役員保険、年金、退職金などの非金銭的な報酬も含まれるべきである。
    5. 資本効率と政策保有株 「資本政策」についての株主への説明内容は改善されるべきである。また、その策定 にあたっては、リスクや資本コストについての取締役会の認識を反映すべきである。上 場企業は、政策保有株削減に関する方針の策定とともに、削減目標(期限を決めた上で) と政策保有株継続保有の理由の詳細な開示を行うべきである。

    2019 年 7 月

    以上

    Autumn Conference 2026

    4–5 November 2026
    Toronto

    Canada

    News

    Follow-up of Japan’s Stewardship Code and Corporate Governance Code (2nd), Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA)

    v0726

    Follow-up of Japan’s Stewardship Code and Corporate Governance Code (2nd), Japan Financial Services Agency (FSA)

    Will Farrell

    Federated Hermes
    Assistant Manager, EOS
    London

    Will co-leads the climate change theme at EOS, the stewardship arm of Federated Hermes Limited, where his coverage includes companies in Europe and Australia, primarily financial services, energy, chemicals, and materials. Prior to joining EOS, Will worked in the energy and infrastructure investment banking team at Macquarie Capital, where he specialised in renewable energy. Before that, Will held a number of roles across the UK climate policy space, including as a parliamentary researcher for Rt. Hon. Chris Skidmore MP on climate and energy issues, and as a climate and economic policy analyst at a diplomatic institute. He was appointed as a voluntary adviser to Rt. Hon. Alok Sharma MP, President of COP26, on preparations for COP26 after co-founding a Westminster climate policy group in 2019, which engaged MPs and Members of the House of Lords to advocate for more ambition on climate action in public policy. Will has a Bachelor’s degree (1st Class Honours) in Economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science.